Drones × 3D Gaussian Splatting

Fly it once.
Keep it forever, in 3D.

Point a drone at a place. Fly a simple pattern. Teleport turns the photos into a photoreal 3D scene you can walk through in any browser, from a single house to a whole neighborhood. This guide shows you exactly how to fly it.

01 · The basics

What you're actually making

A 3D Gaussian splat rebuilds a place out of millions of small, soft blobs of color floating in space. Each blob knows where it is, what color it is, and how transparent it is. Blended together, they reproduce the real scene with fine detail, soft edges and natural light. You move through it freely, from any angle.

Your photos in. A walkable scene out.

You fly the drone and take ordinary photos. Teleport's cloud does the rest: it works out exactly where each photo was taken, grows the splats until they match what your camera saw, and gives you back a link that opens on a phone, a laptop, or a VR headset.

Here's the part that matters for you, the pilot: the reconstruction can only rebuild what your camera actually saw. Every rule in this guide comes from that one fact.

+ Go deeper: how the reconstruction works

Step 1, pose estimation. The pipeline matches features (corners, textures, edges) that appear in multiple photos and triangulates both the 3D structure and the exact position and rotation of every camera. This is why overlap between photos is non-negotiable: no shared features, no solve. GPS tags in your images give this step a strong head start.

Step 2, splat training. Millions of 3D Gaussians are optimized (moved, resized, recolored) until rendering them from each camera pose reproduces your photos. Surfaces seen from many angles converge crisp and stable; surfaces seen rarely (or only from one direction) stay blurry or grow "floaters."

Not generative AI. Nothing is invented. It's an optimization against your own photos, a reconstruction of what was physically there. Unlike a photogrammetry mesh, splats preserve view-dependent light (reflections, sheen) and handle soft detail like foliage gracefully, which is why they look like photographs instead of video-game geometry.

02 · Capture settings

What makes or breaks a capture

Whatever you're capturing and however you fly it, a good reconstruction comes down to a few fundamentals: sharp frames, even light, and enough overlap. Get these right and the rest of this guide is just detail.

01

Sharp frames

Every photo has to be crisp. Blurry or badly-exposed frames don't just look bad, they drag down the whole reconstruction. A fast shutter and steady, deliberate flying keep frames sharp.

02

Even light

Keep the light consistent across the whole capture. The reconstruction bakes in whatever it sees, so shadows that move between passes show up as ghosting. Bright overcast is ideal.

03

Overlap

Neighboring photos need to share plenty of the same view, roughly 70% or more. Overlap is how the software ties photos together and resolves fine detail; too little and the scene fragments or fails to reconstruct.

Dial in your capture settings

These are the parts you actually control on the drone, and they're what keep your frames sharp and evenly exposed. Set them on the ground before you take off.

Capture modePhotos, not video
LensWide angle (~24 mm equiv.)
Shutter1/500 s or faster
ExposureManual: fix ISO, aperture & shutter before takeoff
ShootingInterval, every 2–3 s
GPSEnabled · RTK if available
DewarpOn, esp. very wide lenses
Overlap~70% between photos
BatteriesEnough for the flight, plus a spare

Fly steady at around 3 to 6 m/s so interval shots stay sharp.

03 · The method: single structure

Capturing a house (or any one building)

The proven recipe is taking photos at 2–3 second intervals while flying three orbit loops plus cascades: circle the building three times, each loop wider and higher than the last, then fly a few vertical climbs to fill in ground-level detail. Drag the diagram to look around. The small screen shows what the drone sees.

drag to rotate
CAM TILT ·
HOUSE IN FRAME ·
Drone POV
MISSIONThe full path: three concentric loops at increasing height and distance, then four vertical cascades. A few hundred photos, 10–15 minutes of flying.

Loop by loop

Circle the building three times, each loop higher and further out so it fills less of the frame on every pass. Loop 1 stays low and close, the house filling about ~50–75% of the frame with the camera tilted ~10–20° down. Loop 2 pulls out and up to roughly ~30–60% at ~20–30°. Loop 3 is high and wide, the house small in frame at ~10–40% with the camera at ~30–45°.

Then fly a few vertical cascades around the building, camera locked on it. Treat their height as a minimum: each cascade climbs until it at least reaches Loop 1's altitude, so it connects to the orbits. Going higher is fine; stopping short leaves those photos stranded with nothing to match against.

Keep the camera aimed at the building throughout, and never let it fill 100% of the frame: the reconstruction needs visible background around it to connect photos together. Between loops, the building's size in frame shouldn't drop by more than about half.
Fly it yourself, or automate it. You can hand-fly these loops and cascades, or have the free Drone Mission Planner (Aerial 3D) fly them for you on select DJI drones — for a single building, use its orbits & cascades tool. For a whole neighborhood, use the polygon grid instead (next section). You supervise; the drone flies the path.
+ Size calculator: how high, how far?

Enter your building's width, meaning its longest side on the ground. This gives a rough estimate of the capture radius (how far out to fly) and capture height (how high) for each loop, scaled from the 24 mm-camera geometry. Treat the numbers as a ballpark to aim for, not exact values.

Building width 15 m

LoopCapture radiusCapture height

Cascades fly the same radius as the low loop and climb to at least its height. Radii sit around 3–5× the building size at the high loop, which is what pulls in the surrounding context.

04 · The method: large areas

Capturing a neighborhood

For anything bigger than a single property, like a block, a campus or a whole district, switch strategies. Fly a grid pattern over the area like mowing a lawn, with the camera tilted forward and down at 45°, then fly the same grid again crosswise. The tilt is the point: an oblique camera captures both roofs and facades in a single pass. A straight-down (nadir) grid is great for flat mapping; here you just add the tilt so the walls get seen too.

Pass 1 · lengthwise
One drone, one mission: it mows the area lengthwise, turns 90°, and mows it again crosswise, camera pitched 45° forward-down, shooting every 2–3 seconds.

The Drone Mission Planner

The Drone Mission Planner (Aerial 3D) turns a polygon you draw on a map into an autonomous mission. Fly the grid by hand if you prefer, or let the planner handle it. Here's the flow:

1Open the planner
2Polygon
3Polygon Grid
4Select vertices
5Modify settings
6Generate Waypoints
7Missions
8Export .KMZ
For a big site, split it into battery-sized zones and fly each zone completely before moving on, letting zones overlap slightly so they merge cleanly. One Teleport capture handles up to 10,000 images and up to 100 million splats. Explore a neighborhood in 3D
From 15 minutes of flying to a shareable 3D scene

Photos taken. Now make it a place.

Drag your photos into Teleport and the cloud does the rest: no GPUs, no tuning, no software to install. A few hours later your capture is a link that opens on any phone, laptop or headset.

05 · Keep an eye on these

Common problems, and what caused them

Nearly every disappointing capture traces back to one of these. Tap any of them for the cause and the fix.

Floatersstray blobs of splat hanging in empty space+

Floaters appear where the reconstruction couldn't pin a surface down. The usual causes are too little overlap between photos, or something that moved during the capture, people, cars, branches in the wind.

Keep overlap generous (~70%+) and capture a static scene. Re-fly any thin sections so every surface is seen from several angles.

Blurry or smeared surfacessoft frames get baked straight into the scene+

A shutter that's too slow smears each frame with motion blur. Soft frames both weaken the position solve and get baked into the trained surfaces, so one slow-shutter pass can fuzz a whole facade.

Shutter ≥ 1/500 s, fly slowly and smoothly, shoot interval stills. Skim the set afterwards and delete any soft frames before uploading.

Missing or soft detail on facadesstraight-down flying never sees the walls+

Nadir (straight-down) passes only ever see roofs and the ground. Walls, storefronts and undersides are never photographed, so they reconstruct soft, or not at all.

Add an oblique, tilted pass (around 45°) so the camera sees facades as well as roofs. For one building that's the orbit loops; for an area it's the tilted crosshatch.

Quality that fades in the backgroundthe horizon and surroundings barely get photographed+

If almost every frame is a tight close-up of the subject, the background, the horizon and the wider surroundings, is barely photographed. It thins out and gets softer the further it sits from what you were focused on.

Cover whatever view matters most to you. If the background or horizon is part of the shot, fly a wider, higher pass that deliberately includes it.

06 · FAQ

Quick answers

How many photos do I actually need?+
For a single home: 300–500 is the sweet spot (200 is the floor). For large areas it depends on the detail you want and the altitude you fly, anywhere from roughly 1,000 to 4,000 photos per km². A single Teleport capture accepts up to 10,000 images.
Photos or video?+
Photos, on interval mode. Full resolution, no compression smear, and each frame carries its own GPS tag. Video works for casual small captures, but stills are better in every way that matters for reconstruction.
Which drone should I buy?+
Honestly, almost any drone works. What makes the biggest difference is not the drone but your capture approach: following the path and principles here so you get sharp, well-overlapped photos from the right angles. Any drone with a stabilised (gimbal) camera and manual exposure control will do. The main reason to reach for a larger enterprise drone is a GPS-tagged camera and longer flight time on big jobs, not better image quality.
Do I need RTK / survey-grade GPS?+
No. Standard GPS geotags anchor most captures fine. But RTK genuinely helps on bigger jobs: it cuts the positional drift that can otherwise misalign passes and lets separate zones merge cleanly, on top of survey-grade georeferencing. Use it whenever you have it. Either way, splats are visualization-grade, not survey-grade measurement tools.
Can I combine drone and ground footage?+
Yes. It's the best way to get both street presence and aerial context. The key is a deliberate bridge: a short run of overlapping photos that links your ground shots to your aerial ones. Fly the drone slowly from ground level up to where your first aerial loop begins, shooting on interval the whole way, so the reconstruction can see how the two sets of views connect and merge them into one scene.
How big can a single scene be?+
Up to 10,000 images at 5K resolution and up to 100 million splats per capture: a full residential neighborhood, a 100-acre site, a kilometer of coastline. Multi-square-kilometre projects are flown as zones and processed at full fidelity.